Inventory Site Record

Minchenden Oak Garden is remnant of the estate of Minchenden House, owned in the C18th by the 3rd Duke of Chandos and later the Marquis of Buckingham. By 1836 the estate was sold to the Walker family and the grounds incorporated into their Arnos Grove estate. The old mansion was demolished in 1853 although a smaller house, Minchenden Lodge, was built in the mid C19th to the north. A relic of the Minchenden House grounds remains in the form of the Minchenden or Chandos Oak, an ancient pollarded oak tree, reputed in the C19th to be the largest in England. The Garden was created by Southgate Borough Council as an evergreen Garden of Remembrance and opened on 12 May 1934.

Site location:

Waterfall Road, Southgate

Postcode:

N14 7JN

What 3 Words:

remind.pads.boat

Type of site:

Public Gardens, Garden Feature Remnants

Borough:

Enfield

Open to public?

Yes

Opening times:

8am Mon-Sat / 8.30am Sundays to dusk (refer to Council website for seasonal details)

Special conditions:

Facilities:

Events:

Public transport:

Tube: Southgate (Piccadilly) then bus. Bus: 121, 299, W6

Citymapper    
Google Map    
streetmap.co.uk

Research updated:

07/03/2023

Last minor changes:

07/03/2025

Please check with the site owner or manager for latest news. www.enfield.gov.uk

The garden is on the former site of Minchenden House and Gardens, one of the fine estates in the area, which was once owned by the 3rd Duke of Chandos. Minchenden House, which stood on the south side of Southgate Green (q.v.), was built in c.1747 by John Nichol, a wealthy London merchant. It was on or near the site of an older house called Arnold's or Arnold's Court that had belonged to Sir John Weld (d.1622). A wealthy brewer, his large estate later became Arno's Grove and was owned by the Walker family, and part of the landscape remains as the public park, Arnos Park (q.v.). Nichol died soon afterwards, leaving his house and fortune to his sole heir Margaret, and in 1753 she married James Brydges, Marquis of Carnarvon who became the third Duke of Chandos. Minchenden was used as his country seat after the family property of Canons (q.v). His second wife, the Duchess Dowager of Chandos, resided here on occasion until her death in 1813. The property then passed to the Marquis of Buckingham whose wife was the daughter and heiress of the last Duke of Chandos. From 1822 the Buckinghams tried unsuccessfully to let the house and garden and by 1827 it had deteriorated, the 'Beautiful Villa' described as being 'in a most deplorable state' and the Kitchen Garden 'not in Cultivation' according to a letter to Anna Eliza Brydges from Thomas Crawfurd. It had evidently improved by 1833, when it was visited by Richard Temple who wrote to Anna Eliza Brydges that 'Minchenden looked very nice. The opening of the great Cedar by throwing down the Wall is a great improvement. The Yew Hedge remains untouched'.

By late 1836 Minchenden House had been sold to Isaac Walker for £13,800. A painting of the house and grounds was sold in the Stowe Sale of 1848, described in the catalogue as 'Minchenden House, Southgate, with extensive landscape and water, and figures in the foreground ( . . ) The view is taken from an elevated position at some distance from the mansion, which is seen in the centre of the picture, seated among ambrosial woods and pastures.' It was by the celebrated landscape painter Richard Wilson, who was commissioned by the Duke of Chandos for £70. The old mansion was demolished in 1853 by the Walker family, and the grounds incorporated into the Arnos Grove Estate. A smaller house, Minchenden Lodge, was built in the mid C19th to the north.

A relic of the grounds of Minchenden House remains today in the form of the Minchenden or Chandos Oak, an ancient pollarded oak tree, reputed in the C19th to be the largest in England. In his book 'Greater London' (1883/4) Edward Walford reported that its spread was 'no less than 126 feet, and it is still growing'. Two limbs were lost in a gale in 1899 but by 1900, when it was estimated to be 800 years old, its girth measured 21 feet 3 inches, with a spread of 136 feet and height of 60 feet. It is thought to be a survivor of the ancient Forest of Middlesex and may be some 800 years old. Minchenden Oak Garden was created by Southgate Borough Council as an evergreen Garden of Remembrance. It was opened on 12 May 1934 by the Vicar of Southgate and Mayor of Southgate BC, with a procession from Southgate Green and short service of dedication. The garden is laid out with lawns, hedges and a variety of evergreen shrubs and trees including magnolia. Rusticated stone fragments are to be found among the shrubberies, thought to be remnants of the early C17th Weld Chapel that had stood near Christ Church Southgate (q.v.), and demolished after the new church was built. There are a number of flagstone paths through the garden, which has seating areas including that surrounding the Minchenden Oak. The entrance to the garden is through a discreet iron gate in the red-brick wall along Waterfall Road, either side of which is an arched window opening and a metal plaque set into the wall, giving the name of the garden and its official opening dedication.

Over ensuing years the garden became neglected and overgrown but in 2013 Southgate Green Association set up the Friends of The Minchenden Oak Garden and successfully fundraised to enable restoration to take place, and promoted the use of the garden as a community asset. Friends' volunteers cleared the undergrowth and opened up overgrown areas, removing dead trees and installing a new boundary fence. Extensive pruning works were carried out in order to stabilize the ancient oak, and its surrounding benching and paving was replaced by oak bark chip to allow its roots to breath and metal railing. A paved ramped access was built at the entrance, the gates were repainted and the unstable boundary wall on Waterfall Road was rebuilt. York stone paved footpaths were re-laid, new oak bench seating was installed, and shrubs and trees were planted in the garden, and the 6th Southgate Scout Group made and put up bird boxes. Informative signage was also installed to provide visitors with the background history. Following the extensive restoration works the garden was rededicated by the Bishop of London on 24 May 2015 and reopened to the public on 2 June 2015 with A Big Lunch, an event that became a regular feature, held as part of Southgate’s Civic Week in 2016 and 2017. 

In 2022 the gate and two plaques either side of the entrance were stolen. Discussions took place with Enfield Council and Southgate Green Association and they were replaced in 2024 with replicas of the original.

Sources consulted:

Arthur Mee, 'The King's England, London North of the Thames except the City and Westminster', Hodder & Stoughton, 1972 ed.); Edward Walford, 'Village London, the Story of Greater London, Part 2 - North and East', first published 1883/4 (1985 ed., The Alderman Press); The Paul Drury Partnership for LB Enfield, 'Southgate Green Conservation Area Character Appraisal', 2008; Bernard Byrom, 'Old Southgate and Palmers Green' Stenlake Publishing, 2008; website of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos www.dukesofbuckingham.org.uk/places/other/minchenden.htm; https://blog.rowleygallery.co.uk/the-minchenden-oak/; Chris Horner, 'Minchenden Oak Garden, Southgate', Southgate District Civic Trust Newsletter, No. 241, July 2017; Colin Barrett, 'Minchenden Oak Garden', Southgate District Civic Voice Newsletter 262, October 2022 p.11; Southgate District Civic Voice Newsletter 267, April 2024 p.10.

Grid ref:

TQ294933 (529610,193380)

Size in hectares:

0.17

Site ownership:

LB Enfield

Site management:

Place Shaping and Enterprise, Parks Business Unit; Friends of Minchenden Oak Garden

Date(s):

1934/5

Designer(s):

Southgate Borough Council

Listed structures:

None

On National Heritage List for England (NHLE), Parks & Gardens:

No

Registered common or village green on Commons Registration Act 1965:

No

Protected under London Squares Preservation Act 1931:

No

Local Authority Data

The information below is taken from the relevant Local Authority's planning legislation, which was correct at the time of research but may have been amended in the interim. Please check with the Local Authority for latest planning information.

On Local List:

No

In Conservation Area:

Yes

Conservation Area name:

Southgate Green

Tree Preservation Order:

Not known

Nature Conservation Area:

No

Green Belt:

No

Metropolitan Open Land:

Yes

Special Policy Area:

No

Other LA designation:

Urban Green Space

Photo: Sarah Jackson

Click a photo to enlarge.